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A practical first-century sound

Koine is the shared Greek of the Hellenistic and Roman East — the New Testament, much of the Septuagint, and ordinary papyri. These lessons use a reconstructed first-century pronunciation, not Modern Greek and not classroom Erasmian. Beta, gamma, and delta are already fricatives.

• Α α

  alpha — /a/ as in father

• Β β

  beta — /v/ as in vine

• Γ γ

  gamma — soft “gh”; “ng” before γ, κ, χ, ξ

• Δ δ

  delta — /ð/ as in this