Reference

• Α αalpha · /a/ as in father
• Β βbeta · /v/ as in vine
• Γ γgamma · /ɣ/ (“gh”); /ŋ/ before γ κ χ ξ
• Δ δdelta · /ð/ as in this
• Ε εepsilon · /e/ as in met
• Ζ ζzeta · /z/ as in zoo
• Η ηeta · longer /e/, still not “ee”
• Θ θtheta · /θ/ as in thin
• Ι ιiota · /i/ as in machine
• Κ κkappa · /k/ as in skip
• Λ λlambda · /l/ as in lamp
• Μ μmu · /m/ as in met
• Ν νnu · /n/ as in net
• Ξ ξxi · /ks/ as in axiom
• Ο οomicron · short /o/
• Π πpi · /p/ as in spin
• Ρ ρrho · trilled /r/
• Σ σ / ςsigma · /s/; ς only at the end of a word
• Τ τtau · /t/ as in stop
• Υ υupsilon · /y/ as in French tu, German über
• Φ φphi · /f/ as in fine
• Χ χchi · /x/ as in loch, not church
• Ψ ψpsi · /ps/ as in laps
• Ω ωomega · long /o/

• αι /e/

  καὶ, and, sounds like ke

• ει /i/

  εἰρήνη begins with /i/

• οι /y/

  same zone as upsilon

• ου /u/

  the normal spelling of “oo”

• υι /y/

  υἱός, son

• αυ av / af

  v before a voiced sound, f before a voiceless one

• ευ ev / ef

  same voicing rule as αυ

A final acute often becomes grave before another word: τόν becomes τὸν. The vowel is unchanged.

• λέγω

  I say

• λέγεις

  you say

• λέγει

  he / she / it says

• λέγομεν

  we say

• λέγετε

  you (plural) say

• λέγουσιν

  they say

The same endings fit ἀκούω, γράφω, βλέπω, ἔχω, and γινώσκω. ποιῶ is a contract verb and does not follow this grid.

• καί

  and, also, even

• δέ

  and / but — postpositive, never first

• ἀλλά

  but, on the contrary

• γάρ

  for — postpositive

• οὖν

  therefore — postpositive

• ἤ

  or

• ὅτι

  that, or because

• εἰ

  if, with the indicative

• ἐάν

  if, with the subjunctive

• ἵνα

  in order that, with the subjunctive

οὐ negates the indicative. μή negates the other moods. οὐκ stands before a vowel, οὐχ before a rough breathing.

• λύομαι

  I am loosed

• λύῃ

  you are loosed

• λύεται

  he / she / it is loosed

• λυόμεθα

  we are loosed

• λύεσθε

  you (plural) are loosed

• λύονται

  they are loosed

In the present these endings are also the middle. A deponent uses them with an active meaning: ἔρχομαι, I come; γίνομαι, I become.

• βλέπομεν

  we see — indicative

• βλέπωμεν

  we may see — subjunctive

• ἵνα βλέπωμεν

  so that we may see

• βλέπε

  See!

• μὴ βλέπε

  Do not look

• βλέπειν

  to see — infinitive, not a mood

• μὴ γένοιτο

  may it not be — optative

• ὁ λόγος

  subject

• τοῦ λόγου

  of the word

• τῷ λόγῳ

  to / for the word

• τὸν λόγον

  the word as object

• ἡ ἀγάπη

  subject

• τῆς ἀγάπης

  of the love

• τῇ ἀγάπῃ

  to / for the love

• τὴν ἀγάπην

  the love as object

• ὁ θεόςGodmasculine
• ὁ λόγοςword, messagemasculine
• ὁ ἄνθρωποςhuman beingmasculine
• ἡ ἀγάπηlovefeminine
• ὁ υἱόςsonmasculine
• ἡ ζωήlifefeminine
• ὁ κόσμοςworldmasculine
• ὁ οὐρανόςheaven, skymasculine
• ἡ γῆearth, landfeminine
• τὸ φῶςlightneuter
• ὁ κύριοςlord, mastermasculine
• ἡ εἰρήνηpeacefeminine
• ἡ ἀλήθειαtruthfeminine
• ἡ χάριςgrace, favorfeminine

• ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν

  God is love. 1 John 4:8

• Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος

  In the beginning was the Word. John 1:1